期刊名称：Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skodowska. Sectio B, Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia
印刷版ISSN：0137-2025
出版年度：2004
卷号：LIX
出版社：Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin
摘要：During the last decade, several detailed studies of the location and yield of springs in the Lublin Upland and in Roztocze were published. They followed a systematic crenological examination carried out as part of the research of the Hydrography Department of the UMCS. Data on 1,600 groundwater outflow places were collected from a total area of about 12,200 km2. For a possibly uniform evaluation of the regime of changes in yield and physico-chemical properties of spring waters to be performed, annual measurements of the yield and water quality of over 50 springs were taken between 1998-2003, in addition to the compilation of archive materials. Each year, field work was carried out in the spring season, and springs characteristic of particular parts of the region were selected for measurements. During the study period, the groundwater level increased until 2000. Between 2001 and 2003, the groundwater levels and spring yields remained in the interval of multi-annual mean values.
The research findings and data on the largest springs in the Lublin Upland and in Roztocze collected by the Department of Hydrology imply that the springs are characterised by annual and seasonal yield variability. The presence of the annual and seasonal regime of changes in spring yield is produced by the concurrence of climatic and territorial conditioning of groundwater alimentation. The conditions determine the low variability of spring yield in the Lublin Upland and Roztocze, at the level of 1.3-10 in most outflow places. The seasonal variability is more pronounced at the outcrops of deposits of higher permeability. In contrast, annual changes are more typical of areas with loess and boulder clay cover, occurring in the aeration zone, where water flow is slow. Periods of maximum and minimum spring yields coincide with the occurrence of high and low groundwater levels.
The study points to the varying significance of periods of increased infiltration for the shaping of spring water chemistry. In the case of indicators of natural origin, concentration changes are very small. Considerable changes in concentration are displayed by some elements of anthropogenic origin. Representative results for an analysis of changes in groundwater chemistry are obtained during investigations carried out in precipitation-free periods, when no alimentation of the groundwater reservoir takes place. Such results may be the basis for a description of average conditions in a given area, and then they are of considerable significance in the evaluation of tendencies in quantitative water changes.
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