摘要：Based on a representative firm sample for Switzerland we empirically investigated strategic
approaches for knowledge and technology transfer (KTT) activities between business firms
and public research organisations. Based on cluster analysis of 19 different forms for KTT,
three types of KTT strategies were identified, each of them correspond with a specific
combination of some of the 19 different forms for KTT activities. It was found that they are
determined mainly by variables related (a) to the absorptive capacity of a firm and (b) to the
degree of appropriability of the returns of innovation, indicating that the followed strategy
reflects the resource base of a firm. Further, it was shown that a firm’s obstacle profile with
respect to KTT activities is related to the applied strategy. Firms with more intensive contacts
emphasise risk-related factors and financial restrictions, while firms with less intensive
contacts emphasise a mismatch between firm and university requirements with respect to
KTT. Furthermore and most importantly, it was found that strategy matters for the impact of
KTT on the innovation performance of a firm. In fact, KTT strategies related to the core R&D
activities of a firm showed a greater impact compared to strategies related to ‘softer’ forms of
transfer activities, e.g. informal contacts or education related contacts.
关键词：R&D strategies, knowledge and technology transfer, innovation activities, R&D
activities
