出版社：Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung
摘要：The integration of women in the German labour market has made progress during
the last years. There are however still differences in the employment patterns of
men and women. Using data from the IAB-establishment panel 2008, this paper
analyses the employment patterns of men and women from the perspective of firms:
Which establishments do employ women? And do establishments with a high share
of female employees differ from establishments with a low share of female employees?
In view of the demographic developments, it is – even in times of economic downturn
– important not to loose sight of the question how the need of skilled labour can
be met in the long run. In view of the increased participation of women in the education
and training system, it can be supposed that the recruitment of skilled female
employees will gain in importance in the future.
Data from the IAB-establishment panel 2008 show that the employment patterns of
men and women do not differ much between establishments with a high and a low
share of female employees. Regardless of the share of female employees in a firm,
part-time work for example is a women’s domain and managerial positions are mainly
held by men.
The employment patterns of men and women are mainly affected by the sector a
firm is affiliated to, but less by the size of the establishment. Firms with a high percentage
of women can be found more often in sectors in which occupations considered
as “typically female” dominate, whereas firms with a low share of women are
affiliated to sectors in which male occupations are prevalent. The sector-specific
segregation that can be observed at the establishment level is hence the result of
the occupational segregation on individual level.
The rising demand for skilled employees has led to increasing difficulties in filling
vacancies, especially those requiring a university degree. On the other hand, the
rising supply of skilled women on the labour market has led to an increasing number
of recruitments of qualified female workers. Mainly highly skilled women have had
good opportunities on the labour market. The gender-specific recruitment behaviour
of firms strengthens the prevalent gender structures within the establishments.
