摘要：In contrast to closed regions, in the open regions of pre-Islamic Arabia appeared a classed society with
unequally distributed income in return for relatively high standard of life based on private property and liberal
economy. In this study, economic structure of pre-Islamic open Arabia is analized in the context of Mecca and Medina.
As a well-organized international trade center, Mecca achieved a high culture of trading. Trade, both local and
international, was secured with institutions such as hilf al-fudul and others. Trade was financed with loans at interest
and partnerships. Fairs served the unity of language and culture of Arabian society. Land cultivation methods in
Medina, the city of agriculture, resulted in unequal distribution of income. The work concludes that, though high
material culture, Arabian society was a past history as ‘jahiliya (ignorance)’ with a classed structure of society and
unequal distribution of income, paganism, and its infirmities in moral and spiritual values.
关键词：Arabia, Arab, Islam, Mecca, Medina, hilf al-fudul.
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