摘要：Objective: To review the clinical features, genetics, surveillance, and management of common hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndromes. Methods: Review of the literature. Results: Almost 10% of all CRC patients display a hereditary pattern, and their risk of developing CRC or other related malignancies can be as high as 100%. Some features such as early age of onset (? 50 years), several family members with colorectal or other related malignancies, presence of more than 1 type of cancer or 2 primary CRCs, and more than 10 to 15 cumulative colorectal adenomatous polyps over time are highly suggestive of hereditary CRC syndromes and should prompt a thorough evaluation. The most common form of inherited CRC, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or Lynch syndrome, is characterized by an early age of onset of CRC and an increased risk of other related cancers, most commonly endometrial, ovarian, gastric, small bowel, brain, hepatobiliary tract, pancreatic, ureteral, or renal pelvis. Affected individuals have an estimated risk of developing CRC that approaches 80% by age 70 years. Conclusions: Genetic testing is an important tool in the identification and management of hereditary CRC.
