摘要：first-year university students do not always know what they are trying to write.
Te problem certainly is not confned to each student’s freshman year—sophomores,
seniors, professional writers, and academics all face it. But the struggle to reconcile
competing and ofen contradictory ways of thinking, speaking, and writing are made
particularly acute for many frst-year students because they are asked to adopt new,
sometimes discipline-specifc language and methods and use them in internally
persuasive ways. Tey are not just supposed to sound like academics—they are
supposed to think like them.
