期刊名称：Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering
出版年度：2005
卷号：28
期号：04
出版社：IEEE Computer Society
摘要：In 2001, Lawrence found that articles in computer science that were openly accessible (OA) on the Web
were cited substantially more than those that were not. We have since replicated this effect in physics.
To further test its cross-disciplinary generality, we used 1,307,038 articles published across 12 years
(1992-2003) in 10 disciplines (Biology, Psychology, Sociology, Health, Political Science, Economics,
Education, Law, Business, Management). We designed a robot that trawls the Web for full-texts using
reference metadata (author, title, journal, etc.) and citation data from the Institute for Scientific Infor-
mation (ISI) database. A preliminary signal-detection analysis of the robot’s accuracy yielded a signal
detectability d’=2.45 and bias β =0.52. The overall percentage of OA (relative to total OA + NOA) ar-
ticles varies from 5%-16% (depending on discipline, year and country) and is slowly climbing annually
(correlation r=.76, sample size N=12, probability p< 0.005). Comparing OA and NOA articles in the
same journal/year, OA articles have consistently more citations, the advantage varying from 25%-250%
by discipline and year. Comparing articles within six citation ranges (0, 1, 2-3, 4-7, 8-15, 16+ citations),
the annual percentage of OA articles is growing significantly faster than NOA within every citation range
(r>.90, N=12, p<.0005) and the effect is greater with the more highly cited articles (r = .98, N=6,
p<.005). Causality cannot be determined from these data, but our prior finding of a similar pattern
in physics, where percent OA is much higher (and even approaches 100% in some subfields), makes it
unlikely that the OA citation advantage is merely or mostly a self-selection bias (for making only one’s
better articles OA). Further research will analyze the effect’s timing, causal components and relation to
other variables, such as, download counts, journal citation averages, article quality, co-citation mea-
sures, hub/authority ranks, growth rate, longevity, and other new impact measures generated by the
growing OA database.
