This study is a contribution for a better understanding ofthe life ofthe 18th century Portuguese surgeons, particularly those working in the town of Oporto. The author analyses several aspects related to the practice of that particular branch of medicine, as well as of the teaching of surgery, their professional association and institutional position. Based on evidences fmd in some specific documents, the author essays a description of the economic situation, socio-cultural representation and social status of this professional body.