期刊名称：Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
印刷版ISSN：1232-1966
电子版ISSN：1898-2263
出版年度：2010
卷号：17
期号：01
页码：1-1
出版社：Institute of Agricultural Medicine in Lublin
摘要：Abstract: Cryptosporidium, the protozoan parasite, has several transmission routes,
including anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission, as well as the foodborne way, but
mainly by water. The oocysts, the resistant stage produced by Cryptosporidium, are remarkably
stable, and can survive for weeks or even months in the environment. Furthermore,
the infective dose is low, probably even a single oocyst can cause infection.
The Cryptosporidium genus includes at least 16 species; nevertheless, only a few can
cause cryptosporidiosis, an intestinal disease in human and domestic mammals. Thus,
the genetic characteristics of different Cryptosporidium species became fundamental in
the diagnosis, monitoring, prevention and control of infections caused by this pathogen.
Unfortunately, the traditional phenotypic techniques meet with diffi culties in the specifi c
diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, therefore the new molecular tools must be applied. The
RT-qPCR method can be used to differentiate viable and dead Cryptosporidium oocysts,
and the LAMP assays have advantages for detection of organisms at relatively low concentration
in environmental samples; however, the NASBA assay specifi cally detects as
few as one oocyst of a viable human pathogenic Cryptosporidium species. Reverse line
blot hybridization (RLB) has been successfully used for specifi c identifi cation and for
differentiation of Cryptosporidium species. Described techniques are the most promising
methods for the sensitive and accurate detection, but require a considerable selection of
appropriate tools, genetic markers and analytical techniques for interpretations of database.
However, the applicability of most of these methods to detect Cryptosporidium species
or genotypes from environmental samples needs to be evaluated and standardized.
