期刊名称：Alpha Omega : rivista di filosofia e teologia dell'Ateneo Pontificio Regina Apostolorum
出版年度：2006
卷号：IX
期号：2
出版社：Athenaeum Pontificium Regina Apostolorum
摘要：To place–as Germain Grisez does–the essence of contraception, and its immorality, in the ‘immediate intention that no new life may begin’, would seem to not allow, from a moral point of view, for the possibility of one defending oneself from sexual aggression, situation in which what is frequently intended is to avoid pregnancy, that a new person may not begin its existence. Thereby emerges a serious objection against the ‘argument against life.’ Grisez attempts to explain why in these situations what is being dealt with is a morally different kind of act: it would be an act of legitimate defense of an ovum, in so far as it is part of the person who is the victim of the aggression, against the sperm cells, in so far as they are part of the person who is the aggressor. Nevertheless, these arguments, which are stated to escape the logic of ‘immediate intention’ do not seem convincing. It would not be necessary to defend the ova if a pregnancy was not feared, thus it is that the ‘immediate intention’ is, in the end, the same as in contraception: that a new person may not begin its existence. From the point of view of the ‘immediate intention’ that a new life may not begin, the difference between the intention to impede conception which is the result of a relation of love, and the intention to impede conception which is the result of rape, cannot be seen, even if the circumstances are very different. The solution consists in not conceptualizing contraception as an act against life. In first place, the proximate end of the contraceptive act is not directed, strictly speaking, against the possi-ble child–something which is impossible since it does not exist–but to sexual acts and their fecundity. In second place, the intention (immediate or ulterior) that a new life may not begin is not necessarily immoral. This intention may legitimately motivate defensive action in the case of aggression, sexual abstinence in marriage, actions which intend not to allow, through legitimate means, sexual abuses and inappropriate pregnancies in other persons, and actions which intend to impede the fabrication of human beings with the help of modern technologies.
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