The human capital of Abidjan urban gardeners influence prevention of health risks related to misuse of pesticides and waste water, and the intensity of the work of gardening in urban areas. But the positive effects of schooling and experience on health are subject to the requirements and constraints of agricultural activity, especially the urban gardening, so they are seen in the garden provided they had other alternatives. In other words, behaviour to prevent health risks at the gardeners sites of Abidjan depend on the possibility of mobilization of education as human capital of farmers. It is important to state and community gardening, all concerned to play their role to improve prevention strategies gardeners through, possibly, the development of their human capital.