期刊名称：CREDIT Research Paper / University of Nottingham
出版年度：2010
卷号：1
出版社：Nottingham
摘要：This paper analyses the association between household characteristics – in particular size and
location, and for the household head age, sector of employment (and the tariff applicable to
that sector) and education - and household income using data from the Tanzania Household
Budget Survey for the years 1991/92, 2000/01 and 2007. The static analysis of the
determinants of household income is based on the full sample and is complemented by a
dynamic analysis using a pseudo-panel (representative households). Larger households have
lower income; living in urban areas is associated with income around one quarter higher than
rural households; and location in the Coastal zone, which includes Dar es Salaam, increases
household income by about 15% compared to the poorest region (Central). Years of
education of the household head is associated with higher income: each additional year of
education adds about 4.5%. Average incomes of agriculture households are lower than for
manufacturing households, but within each broad sector incomes appear to be higher in subsectors
with higher tariffs. Household income tends to increase in both tariffs and education,
but the effect of tariffs diminishes or becomes negative for household heads with secondary
education and alters over time. Observing that tariffs offer less protection to the incomes of
more educated workers compared to less educated (less skilled) workers is consistent with
better educated workers being more productive and therefore in firms, or sectors, better able
to compete with imports. Given data limitations it would be incorrect to infer a causal effect
of tariffs on household incomes. Nevertheless, the analysis is informative about the effect of
the cross-sector pattern of tariff protection on household incomes allowing for other
determinants.
