Four speakers, Hiroshi Kubota(SHIRAUME Women University), Koreya Endo(SHIROISHI Primary School I), Tashiro Suzuki(MIYAGI University of Education)and Akira Yokoyama(AICHI Prefectual University), put forward their views on the questions of today's conditions of "learning "(in a narrow sense). Kubota made an approach to the subject from a standpoint of pre-school education, Endo from that of primary school education and Yokoyama from his experience of a "movement for making play yards" in which he himself engaged. Kubota gave a concrete example of play activities led by an idea that they must be based on those things which children are most interested in. In this case the children drew from their activities a burning point for open discussion and build up a kind of hypothesis on the point which they verified afterwards. Although Suzuki made much of the fact that the play is an activity of "child-intiative type" in contrast to "adult-initiative" learning, he said the mutual influence between these two types of activities should not be disregarded. Yokoyama lays stress on the tensional relations between conceptual cognition and practical cognition. To put it shortly, the reason why recent children have their play taken away is that our society today has gone so far from normal as to affect every teaching activities in many of educational systems. Therefore, although it is important to accept the significance of play in childhood in relation with their learning, the defect of teaching activities can not be fulfilled simply by making the play complete. This conclusion was accepted among the audience.