摘要：Pakistan is enduring a serious economic downturn and facing the
probability of the collapse of the banking and financial systems. The growth
outlook is meek and risk of default is hanging over the head of the nation as
a sword. Banking and financial institutions and economic systems of Pakistan
like that of ASEAN and other crises hit countries, suffer from bad loans,
political interference, corruption, declining exports, budget and trade
deficits, internal and external debts, crashes of stock exchanges, currency
mismanagement, and double digit inflation. While 'survival of the fittest’ is
ever a self-evident truth, the lessons of the rise and fall of nations are
important for survival. In order to meet the challenge of survival, it may be
crucial to learn the underlying causes that accounted for and understand the
strategies and reforms that attempted to manage the economies of the
countries suffering from the crises.
