OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the influence of forensic examination on the accountability of sexual violence criminal charges in adolescent girls. METHOD: retrospective study, it was analyzed 137 lawsuits rape in teenagers enrolled in the Reference Center for Children and Adolescents between January 1995 and December 2004. The awards of the Forensic Institute were classified as negative or positive for the materiality of sexual crimes and confronted with the judicial sentence, condemnatory or not. Data was computerized in EpiInfo Program and subjected to chi-square test for contingency tables, considering p < 0.05 the level of rejection of the hypothesis of nullity. RESULTS: in 30 cases (21.9%) the award was consistent with the complaint of rape. In 107 cases (78.1%) the forensic examination found no physical evidence of sexual crime. Among the positive cases, 25 accused (83.3 %) were condemned, while in the negative skills it was observed 68 condemnations (63.5 %). CONCLUSIONS: the positive forensic examination was associated with the most part of probability of condemnation of the accused of the sexual violence. The absence of corroborative material elements did not obstruct the accountability of expressive part of the accused subjects, indicating that other means of persuasion are accepted by the courts.