摘要：Ocean acidification, a consequence of rising anthropogenic
CO2 emissions, is poised to change marine ecosystems profoundly by increasing dissolved
CO2 and decreasing ocean pH, carbonate ion concentration, and calcium carbonate mineral
saturation state worldwide. These conditions hinder growth of calcium carbonate shells and
skeletons by many marine plants and animals. The first direct impact on humans may be
through declining harvests and fishery revenues from shellfish, their predators, and coral
reef habitats. In a case study of US commercial fishery revenues, we begin to constrain the
economic effects of ocean acidification over the next 50 years using atmospheric
CO2 trajectories and laboratory studies of its effects, focusing especially on mollusks. In 2007,
the $3.8 billion US annual domestic ex-vessel commercial harvest ultimately contributed $34
billion to the US gross national product. Mollusks contributed 19%, or $748 million, of the
ex-vessel revenues that year. Substantial revenue declines, job losses, and indirect economic
costs may occur if ocean acidification broadly damages marine habitats, alters marine
resource availability, and disrupts other ecosystem services. We review the implications for
marine resource management and propose possible adaptation strategies designed to
support fisheries and marine-resource-dependent communities, many of which already
possess little economic resilience.
