摘要：This modeling study explores—spatially explicitly, for current and projected future
climate, and for different management intensity levels—the potential for increasing
global crop production through on-farm water management strategies: (a) reducing
soil evaporation ('vapor shift') and (b) collecting runoff on cropland and using it
during dry spells ('runoff harvesting'). A moderate scenario, implying both a 25%
reduction in evaporation and a 25% collection of runoff, suggests that global crop
production can be increased by 19%, which is comparable with the effect of current
irrigation (17%). Climate change alone (three climate models, SRES A2r emissions
and population, constant land use) will reduce global crop production by 9% by
2050, which could be buffered by a vapor shift level of 50% or a water harvesting
level of 25%. Even if realization of the beneficial effects of rising atmospheric
CO2 concentration upon plants was ensured (by fertilizer use) in tandem with the above
moderate water management scenario, the water available on current cropland will not
meet the requirements of a world population of 9–10 billion.
