Enterprise resource planning implementation has been one of challenges of organizations during the last decade; and there have been many barriers in implementing ERP successfully. Organizations can reduce the effect of failure through identifying their strengths and weaknesses. One of the most applicable methods which may prevent occurring defects in organizations is failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). FMEA has been used for many applications as a quality management instrument. In FMEA, risks of failure modes are identified through the estimation of severity and occurrence values. In this paper, the proposed FMEA identifies major failure causes and effect of potential defects in ERP implementation. Furthermore, critical failure factors are characterized by the severity, occurrence and detection values by using the adopted FMEA table. A case study is also presented to prove the applicability of the proposed method.