标题：Sárospataki ágyúöntő műhelyben feltárt 17. századi habán kerámialeletek mázának mikroszerkezete és összetétele = Microstructure and composition of glaze of 17th century haban ceramics excavated at a gun-foundry in SÁROSPATAK (NE-Hungary)
摘要：The Rákóczi Museum of the Hungarian National Museum started an excavation in 2006 to uncover the remnants
of a gun-foundry operated between 1631 and 1648 and located in the southwestern corner of the outer castle in
Sárospatak. Fragments of white and blue tin-glazed Haban faience objects were found in the late 17th century
filling of the workshop remnants. No contemporary written sources exist about the technology of East-Central
European tin-glazed earthenware produced by the Habans (Hutterite Anabaptists). Archaeometric research on
Haban faience using modern analytical techniques has not been performed in Hungary as yet. In this paper we
present the results of the analyses carried out on the opaque glaze and coloured decorations of white-glazed
ceramic fragments found at the gun-foundry, which give data about the raw materials used and the production
technology. Microstructure and chemical composition of glazes were analysed by using an electron microprobe
coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and crystalline inclusions were identified by X-ray diffraction
analysis.
The white glaze, which covers the buff coloured ceramic body, is tin-opacified lead-alkali glaze containing
relatively high amount of tin-oxide (16 to 20 wt% SnO2). Presence of relict sand grains and heterogeneous
distribution (grouped in clusters) of cassiterite (tin-oxide) particles in the opaque glaze indicates that the glazing
mixture was not fritted before preparing the slurry. Cassiterite is present as angular relicts of the glaze raw
material and as up to 2 μm sized needles-like particles recrystallized during firing and cooling of the glaze.
Decorations were prepared from coloured lead-alkali glazes. Lead antimonate yellow (Pb2Sb2O7) was used for
the yellow glaze, cobalt-, nickel- and arsenic-bearing zaffre for the blue glaze, copper-bearing pigment for the
green glaze and manganese-bearing pigment for the black glaze. The opaque glaze and the decorations were
fired in one step; therefore glazes were more or less mixed with each other.
