本研究は,被験児(幼稚園男児)の女性玩具に対する反応に,次のモデル群のいずれがより強い制止効果を示すかを検討するために行なわれた。第1のモデル群(N-群)の幼児は,中性玩具で遊んでいる男性成人モデルに2分間接する。このモデルは,言語表現を用いない。第2のモデル群(V-群)の被験児は,女性玩具を回避する理由を言語化するモデルを観察する。このモデルは,中性玩具で遊ばない。第3のモデル(NV-群)は,N-群,V-群のモデルの動作,言語行動をすべて表現する。以上のモデル群のほかに,モデルを観察しない統制群が用いられた。モデル群の幼児はモデルの行動を観察した直後,統制群は観察なしで,女性玩具と中性玩具の置かれている部屋で7分間の自由遊びの時間が与えられた。被験児は一面視鏡をとおして10秒ごとに観察され記録された。したがって各被験児は42回観察された。観察の結果2種の測度が算出された。潜時は,何回目の観察のときに幼児が女性玩具に視線を向け,接近し,接触したかによって決められる。42回の観察中に幼児が女性玩具に視線を向け,接近し,接触した回数で第2の測度,女性反応数が決められた。 主な結果は次のとおりである。 1) 3モデル群ともに,女性玩具に接触するまでの潜時は統制群より長かった。さらに,NV-群の潜時はN群,V-群のものより長く,N-群とV-群間には差がみられなかった。 2) 3モデル群が女性玩具に接近し接触した回数は,統制群より少なかった。NV-群の幼児は,N-群,V-群の幼児よりも女性玩具に反応した頻度は少なかったが,3モデル群間に有意な差は見られなかった。 これらの結果は,1) 女性的反応を抑制することを言語化するモデルを観察することにより,2) あるいは,女性的反応に拮抗する他の反応を採用するモデルを観察することにより,被験児(男児)に女性的反応を抑制する傾向が獲得されることを示唆するものと解釈された。

The present study wss conducted to investigate the relative effects of three types of modeling conditions on inhibiting feminine responses in observers. Forty-four kindergarten boys, whose ages ranged from 5-2 to 6-2, were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Ss in the first model group (N group) were exposed to a male adult model who was playing with "neutral" toys for two minutes. The model twice apptoached the feminine toys. The only toys he touched, however, were neutral toys. No words were spoken by this model. Ss in the second group (V group) observed a male model who approached the feminine toys with inhibiting verbal statements (e.g., "These are nice toys, but I'm not going to play with them. They are all for girls."). This model did not play with the neutral toys. The model for the third group (NV group) displayed all the motor and verbal behaviors shown by the models in N and V conditions. Ss in the fourth group (Control) did not observe the model. Immediately following one of these treatments. each S was offerred two groups of toys, feminine and neutral toys, and allowed to play with them for seven minutes in the absence of E. Ss were observed from behind a one-way mirror once every 10 seconds for a period of 7 minutes. Thus, each S was observed 42 times. Two types of scores were obtained from the observation. <Latency scores>___- consisted of the number of 10 second intervals elapsing before S was observed to look at, come close to, or touch a feminine toy. The number of observations in which S looked at, was close to, or touched a feminine toys was used as another measure, <feminine response scores.>___- The major findings of the study were the following: 1) The latency data showed that those Ss who observed the model touched feminine toys with singificantly longer latencies than those Ss who did not observe the model. The latency data also indicated that the means of this measure of N and V groups did not differ significantly. Ss in NV group touched feminine toys with significantly longer latencies than Ss in N and V groups. 2) Ss in the three modeling conditions played with feminine toys significantly less frequently than Ss in the control condition. Although Ss in the NV condition showed less feminine responses than N and V conditions, the difference among the three modeling conditions was not statistically significant. These obtained results were interpreted to suggest that control over the feminine responses in boys may be acquired through the observation of 1) the model inhibiting feminine responses with verbal statements and/or 2) the model's behavior which is incompatible with feminine responses.