In this article, the historical aspects of Traffic Psychology in Brazil are addressed: the development of the first studies with drivers aimed at promoting traffic safety, and the importance of the Traffic Departments (DETRANs) for the institutionalization and expansion of (Traffic) Psychology. The article closes with considerations regarding the future of Traffic Psychology in Brazil, in light of the challenges and opportunities that emerge with the XXI century, such as the quality of urban life, traffic jams and air pollution.