This paper will consider the changes in the educational structure of the Vojvodina population during the second half of the 20th century. The analysis, based on the 1953, 1981 and 2002 census data, takes into account the degree of illiteracy, structure according to level of education, as well as regional, gender and generational aspects of the above-mentioned changes. The basic finding is that, with the expansion of the network of educational institutions, there was a fast and significant increase in the number of people with occupational and professional education, accompanied by a slower decrease in the number of illiterate people as well as people with incomplete elementary education. The outcome of these changes is that in Vojvodina according to the results of the 2002 census, the most numerous category is that of people with the secondary education - 44% of the population over the age of 15 compared to 8.29% in 1953 - while the percentage of people with the higher and university education was 9.52% compared 0.55% in 1953, which is a significant civilisational effect of a half century development of education. However, the 20% of people with incomplete or without elementary school along with the 25% of people with elementary school education, make up the other half of the population without any qualifications. Gender inequalities have been radically decreased in the whole range from elementary to the highest level of education, whereas generational differences have also constantly decreased, while significant differences remain mainly between the oldest and youngest generations.