Inflation targeting represents monetary regime primarily applied in New Zealand in 1989. Since then, this regime has extended into over 30 countries and it is recommended by International Monetary Fund within its business arrangements in last couple of years. The last country that announced this regime was Serbia. It is regularly introduced when previous one had poor performances. Its nature is determined by targeted inflation rate, high level of transparency in monetary policies conducting, absence of secondary goals as well as responsibility for realized targeted inflation rates. Within work theoretical presumptions are analyzed regarding implementation of this regime, and the most important aspects of its functioning in chosen countries, and its application in Serbia is a subject of particular consideration.