出版社：Catholic Faculty of Theology, University of Split
摘要：As natural sciences in general, and among them genetics and molecular biology, have their history, so does the contemporary theory of evolution too. It is based on the research results of the mentioned sciences and has its history that is an integral part of the history of biological sciences. In this work the author analyses the evolutionary theory of J. B. Lamarck – Lamarckism, as an important moment in the history of evolutionary theories, referring to his fundamental work Zoological Philosophy. In the first part of the work the author presents the major phases of Lamarick’s life, which in some way determined him to become first a botanist, and then a zoologist, which in the end generated his theory of evolution. In the second part Lamarick’s theory is analysed, named Lamarickism after him, on the basis of his work Zoological Philosophy. Some trials of Lamarickism in the second part of 20th century are presented. In the third part a critical review on Lamarckism is set out, as well as the explanation why Lamarck’s theory, in spite of some of its positive points, could not meet with a greater success. Namely, modern genetics and molecular biology have shown that individually received or lost properties are not conveyed to descendents. Hereditary traits are mainly recorded on the genetic material of sexual cells. Molecular biology has proved that only the genotype-changes that occur in the line of cells are hereditary, as they produce mature gametes during the gametogenesis. The trials that led to the resumed revival of Lamarckism remained unsuccessful, because there were not enough arguments for theoretical speculations that often arose.
关键词：stability and mutability of species; Lamarckism; ontogenia; philogenia; molecular biology; Darwinism
