期刊名称：Drustvena istrazivanja. Journal for General Social Issues
印刷版ISSN：1330-0288
出版年度：2006
卷号：15
期号：3 (83)
页码：557-573
出版社：Institute of Social Sciences IVO PILAR
摘要：The paper deals with the analysis of Slavonian archive and newspaper records and historiographic materials about Croatian emigrants in the USA from the second half of the 19th century to the year 1905. The causes of emigration were both economic and political: low cost-effectiveness of soil cultivation and smallholding; industrialisation and the growth of the number of wage labourers; rapid growth of population, intensive Germanisation and Hungarisation of Slavonia, mostly through the Greater-Hungarian July Action Programme, party clashes, and population disintegration. The Slavonian population was mostly oriented towards mining and agricultural areas and industrial and commercial cities of the United States. Emigration to America was not frequent until the end of the 19th century, so that immigration to Slavonia from Bosnia and Herzegovina was at one time more disturbing due to the uprisings there. From the second half of the 19th century to 1905 the migration of the Croatian people was constantly growing, despite the difficulties encountered in the new homeland, despite the American authorities who were constantly introducing restrictions into the immigration policy, in spite of the Government of Croatia and Slavonia which was warning of the difficulties the emigrants experienced while leaving for the USA and restrictions in issuing passports, in spite of the newspaper articles publishing the letters of disillusioned emigrants. The development of the wood-processing industry and construction of the railroad in Slavonia enabled the survival of a smaller number of people, mostly foreigners. The important issue of disintegration of Slavonian household cooperatives and agricultural crisis is mentioned, especially the change of the national population structure in Slavonia caused by the emigration of Croatian population and immigration of German, Hungarian and other immigrants into Slavonia. Several generations of Slavonian emigrants remained in the new homeland as fully recognised citizens of the United States of America.
