期刊名称：Drustvena istrazivanja. Journal for General Social Issues
印刷版ISSN：1330-0288
出版年度：2002
卷号：11
期号：6 (62)
页码：929-952
出版社：Institute of Social Sciences IVO PILAR
摘要：Sociobiology, the recent variant of researching behaviour on an evolutionary-theoretical basis, has set itself the task to explore these evolutionary foundations of human morality. The starting point of sociobiology is the phenomenon of human altruism. From the evolutionary-theoretical perspective altruist behaviour can originate and survive if it contributes to the further transmission of genes encoding this behaviour. The main authors of sociobiology, E.O. Wilson and R. Dawkins are trying to "biologise" ethics. They want not only to explain the biological functions of ethics, but also to attach ethics completely to biology and with the help of the theory of evolution give ethics a new natural-science foundation. Sociobiologists draw on the fact that the ability of ethical behaviour has manifested itself as evolutionary adaptable, therefore useful. Morality is a refined trick of the genes, which grant people what is required of it, in other words, to effectively reproduce. Radical naturalism, as represented by sociobiologists, no longer recognises any values, because good and evil are only the result of human imagination. All that is supposedly moral is ultimately a function of gene-egoistical strategies. The author of this article criticises the fundamental ideas of the sociobiological approach to the phenomenon of morality. Sociobiology does not understand at all what the "ethical phenomenon" is, nor that its "interpretation of morality and ethics" is merely an interpretation of its own understanding (better: misunderstanding) of morality and ethics. Sociobiology's demand for its truthfulness is the abolition of its very self. In its own interpretation it cannot be truthful, but only represents a scientifically-coloured expression of both paradoxical and radical theoretical nihilism. The ethical phenomenon is such in nature that it destroys any reconstruction allowing only the interpretation of the material and factual. The problem of ethics is not the theoretical explanation of altruism, but the nurturing of attention towards good. As sociobiology manifests itself in theoretical self-abolishment, the same thing happens in the practical- philosophical understanding of good.
