摘要：Theorists of modern international law have reached an almost universal consensus on the peremptory (ius cogens) norm concerning the prohibition of the unilateral use of force except in self-defense. The prohibition is contained both in the UN Charter and international customary law. However, the reality is often different. As a rule, states do not call into question the above mentioned prohibition on the level of primary norms, but often attempt to introduce exceptions to the prohibition in the form of various secondary norms, often motivated by self-interest. The article presents some of these attempts such as the so-called “humanitarian intervention”, “pro-democratic intervention” etc. analyzing at the same time their impact on the efficiency of the primary prohibitory peremptory norm.
关键词：use of force; international law; self-defense; UN Charter; international customary law
