摘要：The relationship between the occurrence of stress fractures, training parameters and nutritional regimes was assessed using an anonymous retrospective questionnaire in elite international level figure skaters representing all 62 member federations of the International Skating Union. The response rate was 62% in female and 67% in male figure skaters. Results were obtained from both junior and senior figure skaters (245 females and 167 males) with a median age of 16 yrs. for females and 18 yrs. for males. With regard to the subjects, 41 females (16.7%) and 25 males (13.8%) reported stress fractures in the last years of training and competing in figure skating. In female junior skaters, 75% of the reported stress fractures occurred in singles, 20.8% in pairs, and 4.2% in ice dancers. Among male junior skaters, 80% of the reported stress fractures occurred in singles, 13.3% in pairs, and 6.7% in ice dancers. In senior females, 70.6% of the reported stress fractures occurred in singles, 23.5% in pairs, and 5.9% in ice dancers, while among male senior skaters, 80% of the reported stress fractures occurred in singles, with 10% in pairs and in ice dancers. Regardless of the discipline, the majority of all stress fractures were located in the tibial bone. There was no difference between the incidence of stress fractures during summer or winter training, and this incidence was in no way related to dietary habits. All figure skaters attributed the occurrence of stress fractures to changes in their training and competition programs. In women, there was no statistically significant increased incidence of stress fractures in those with menstrual irregularities. Important factors that appear to contribute to the occurrence of stress fractures in elite figure skaters are increased physiological demands, including increasing rotations and height of jumps, as well as more rigorous training and competitive schedules throughout the skating season.
关键词：stress fractures; figure skating; training routine
