摘要：Tibial nerve compression syndrome or its affiliate's branches n. plantaris medialis and lateralis in the fragment of tarsal canal (tunnel) are known since 1962. as tarsal tunnel syndrome. Tarsal channel is bone-connective tissue tunnel located under medial part of the ankle, and that channel is called the "hilum foot", because through that tunnel all the anatomical structures from tendon to the nerves and blood vessels are coming to the sole. The tunnel is divided into two parts – on lacuna tendinum for passage of m. tibialis posterior tendon, m. flexor hallucis longus and m. flexor digitorum longus and on lacuna vasonervorum for passage of the neurovascular bundle. Lacuna vasonervorum is divided again into two parts – into medial (upper tunnel) for the passage of n. plantaris medialis and homonymous artery and veins and to lateral (lower tunnel) for passage of n. plantaris lateralis, artery and veins. Medial (upper) tunnel is in direct relation with lacuna tendinum, which is one of the most common causes of compression of n. plantaris medialis. Causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome onset are found in possible space engagement in the tunnel (by ganglion, anomalous muscle or similar) or due to external pressure on the structures in the tunnel. There are also idiopathic forms of the tarsal tunnel syndrome, when you cannot detect a direct cause of the characteristic symptoms in terms of firing, burning, picking and reduced sensitivity especially in the first three fingers of the feet. Besides the clinical diagnosis, new opportunities of MRI and ultrasound diagnosis procedures reduce the number of so-called idiopathic forms of tarsal tunnel syndrome, and are useful for the evaluation and for eventual failure of surgical treatment. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is relatively rare described in athletes and does occur more often in sports where sprinting, jumping, or some specific movements (like in judo) are present. The occurrence of symptoms is also associated with biomechanical changes in the ankle and foot. Idiopathic forms of tarsal tunnel syndrome, which are more often found in athletes, may be explained by frequent repetitive stretching (traction) of the nerve or by tendinitis in the lacuna tendinum and can be classified as overuse injuries. Although less frequently described than in the general population, it is necessary to think of the possibility of tarsal tunnel syndrome in athletes, and not attribute present symptoms to the foot deformities or varicose veins.
关键词：tarsal tunnel syndrome; clinical and radiological diagnosis; the causes of occurence in sport
