摘要：Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is believed to be the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) in ruminants. MAP infection has also been proposed as the cause of Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans. An increasing number of recent studies suggest some association between MAP and CD, however a cause‐effect relationship has yet to be proved or disproved. Infected cattle appear to be the most important source of human exposure to MAP, and the associated suspected vehicles of transmission are milk, dairy products and beef. Other possible routes of human exposure to MAP are via contaminated water supplies, vegetables and fruits. A low level survival of MAP has been demonstrated in some surveys of commercially pasteurized milk and retail cheese in several countries outside Canada. Viable MAP has been identified in 1.6‐2.9% of pasteurized retail milk and 3.6% of retail cheese samples in several countries. In addition, viable MAP has been found in the intestine and associated lymph tissues of diseased animals as well as in organs other than the gut. The primary purpose of this article is to review the recent scientific evidence on the potential human exposure to MAP via foods and water
关键词：Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; food; water
