期刊名称：LAHOR: journal for Croatian as mother, second and foreign lanugage
印刷版ISSN：1846-2197
电子版ISSN：1848-4972
出版年度：2009
卷号：1
期号：7
页码：59-76
出版社：Crotian Philological Society
摘要：This paper introduces the concept of spreadity of affixes as one of the numerical measures which could be used in the analysis of verb meanings, especially in their usage. It also suggests the need to distinguish between individual and common frequency when the number of affixes are analysed in a certain corpus. Individual frequency includes the number of tokens of the most frequent word formed with a certain affix, while common frequency includes tokens of all words formed with the same affix. The first part of the paper discusses the concepts of frequency, productivity and spreadity. Those three terms are applied to the four verb prefixes that appear in 500 and 4000 most frequent words as examples of the meaning difference between them. E.g.\ prefix \emph{ne-} and prefix \emph{pred-,} both semi-productive, differ in their individual frequency as well as their common frequency in the corpus of the 4000 most common Croatian words. Prefix \emph{ne-} is a part of the eight times more frequent individual verb (1215 : 142) than prefix \emph{pred-} (individual frequency), it is five times more frequent (1696 : 336) when all verbs with both the prefixes in the mentioned corpus are included (common frequency), but its spreadity is lower than the spreadity of \emph{pred-} (4 vs.\ 6).\\ The second part of the paper presents data on verbal prefixes in 9079 Croatian verbs. The choice of verbs is based on the most frequent app.\ 5000 verbs and verbs derived from them by various prefixes. The spreadity index is compared to the previous notions on productive, semi-productive and non-productive prefixes to see if there are any parallels. The results show that prefixes derived from prepositions that are used in contemporary language have a much higher spreadity than other prefixes found in the formation of Croatian verbs. Also, there are strong parallels between the frequency order of verbal prefixes and the prepositions with the same forms, although the most prototypical prepositions: \emph{u} `in' and \emph{na} `at, on' did not win the first place. The first 15 on the list include only three (today) non-prepositional prefixes (\emph{raz-, pro-, pre-}), the rest are used as prepositions too (\emph{za-, iz-, u-, po-, o-, s-, na-, pri-, od-, do-, pod-, uz-}). In the last 14 the majority do not have prepositional pairs (\emph{ob-, su-, obez-, re-, de-, dez-, dis-, protu-, \mbox{ne-}),} only four have (\emph{nad-, pred-, mimo-, suprot-}). First place is occupied by \emph{za-} (941), it is followed by \emph{iz-} (707), \emph{u-} (700), \emph{po-} (675), \emph{o-} (552), \emph{s-} (539).
