摘要：This paper deals with historical development of heat pumps from 1834 till today. Present applications of heat pumps in residential and commercial buildings, and in industry are specified. Application in the area of heating/cooling is presented through dependence of energy efficiency of different systems and their working temperatures. Comparison of heat pumps use in various European countries is also presented. Ecological and energy reasons for their use is analysed while advantage of described technology is presented on example of realized pilot project from national energetic program. Potential sources of heat are considered with criteria of their applicability. Convenient new working fluids are reviewed.
关键词：heat pumps; heat sources; new working fluids; energy efficiency
