摘要：Autism spectrum disorders are developmental disorders manifested through difficulties in social interactions and communication as well as by displaying stereotypical behaviour, interests and activities. Given that clinical features of autism spectrum disorders vary in gravity and symptoms, it is considered justifiable to speak of a spectrum of developmental disorders. Different theories exist as to the origin of the disorder. Autism spectrum disorders were first explained by the “refrigerator mother” theory; later by theories emphasizing difficulties in perception and finally by theories based on memory difficulties. New theories interpret autism spectrum disorders as primarily an executive functions disorder (problems in capability for inhibition, planning, cognitive flexibility, self-monitoring, generativity), or as primarily a deficit in the theory of mind defined as capability of ascribing mental states to oneself and others, or by the theory of weak central coherence. Each of the mentioned theories explains only some of the disorder aspects and symptoms. Currently, no theory has been proposed which would explain all aspects of the disorder or which would be unique for autism spectrum disorders. Considering that theories interpreting autism spectrum disorders as executive function disorder and theory of mind deficit are the ones most widely accepted, this paper presents an overview of research done on those two theories.
关键词：autism spectrum disorders; theory of mind; executive functions
