摘要：The theory of matrices and etymons (Bohas 1997, 2000) enables a formal and conceptual organization of Arabic lexicon based on two essential aspects: one is related to recognizing the lexical link between the words (i. e. simultaneous presence of an invariant form and a conceptual similarity); the other is the relationship between these words and the world (i. e. the presence of mimophonic weight whose articulatory sequences of words make references to certain aspects of reality). This model is particularly interesting for other language systems, such as Biblical Hebrew (Dat 2002), because it is able to organize its lexicon around a finite number of binary combinations – matrices. Furthermore, it calls into question certain fundamental linguistic principles such as the arbitrariness of the sign and its linearity or triliterality of Semitic roots. It also provides an explanation for phenomena such as enantiosemy, lexical polysemy, etc. The article focuses on homonymy and metathesis and attempts to give a coherent explanation for these phenomena, which are still regarded as mysterious in the Semitic languages. The author proposes new guidelines for analysis and raises questions about certain doxas. In the long term this would allow drawing all the implications of this lexicological theory and applying them to the language theory in general (for example, the debate on the nature of sign language) and show, in a broader context, its impact on current debates, particularly on the problem of the origin of languages.
