摘要：The very basic problem he raises, i.e., inadequate reflection before action, lies, in fact, in our (ecologists') inability to create proper predictions based on the present state of knowledge. In spite of our efforts, we are not yet at the stage of discovering how systems are structured and how they function. Without such knowledge, it is impossible to provide satisfactory predictions. However, this should not mean that ecology is used in resource and environmental management much as a drunk uses a lamp post.
