Despite having its students score among the top in the world in mathematics and science, the level of science literacy and participation in science-related fields in Canada is relatively low. In the context of the economic and societal benefits afforded by science, this article reviews what is already being done in support of science, technology and engineering, as well as identifying some missing pieces that may explain declining interest in its pursuit. The focus is primarily on the role of post-secondary institutions in addressing the challenges from both organizational and student-centred perspectives.