摘要：The fundamental question to be answered by the moral educator is, how do you "establish" your norm, your "ought," your most fundamental value choices? I think the answer is that you select from the plethora of moral and value descriptions of which you are aware, those which you take to be "better," or conducive to more positive value, or more "morally adequate," or which make most sense. You try to support your choices, as best you can, by telling the "whole story," or by providing an account of your horizon of understanding; and not just a small closeup photograph and, of course, you try to render them internally consistent or coherent as a system of values. Whether you are a utilitarian or a formalist, a Christian or a Buddhist, you are only able to explain the decision which you have taken when you describe to another the entire broad context which gives rise to the collection of value-positions which you hold. If pressed, you must present your outlook on the world in as much fullness as you can, including a description of your way of life as a valuing, feeling, acting and aspiring human being. And this is not merely to provide an intellectual account of your beliefs and your claims to knowledge, for what is demanded is a fulsome description of your way of life and its reasons. R.M. Hare's description of this procedure is worth attending to:
