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  • 标题:Economic challenges in Early Modern Ages and different responses of European margins. Comparative considerations based on historiography: the cases of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Moldavian Principality
  • 作者:Nerijus Babinskas
  • 期刊名称:Revista Româna de Studii Baltice si Nordice = The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies
  • 印刷版ISSN:2067-1725
  • 电子版ISSN:2067-225X
  • 出版年度:2012
  • 卷号:4
  • 期号:2
  • 页码:51
  • 出版社:Asociatia Romana pentru Studii Baltice si Nordice
  • 摘要:

    Studiul de fa?ã are intenþia sã atragã atenþia asupra unor stereotipuri care simplificã percepþia asupra realitãþii istorice, dar, cu toate acestea, încã predominã în istoriografie. Existã o afirmaþie foarte obi?nuitã despre aºa-numita a doua iobãgie (bazatã pe raportul economic boier-þãran dependent), care s-a rãspândit în întreaga aºa-numitã regiune a Europei de Est în secolul al XVI-lea. Cauzele acestei transformãri a dezvoltãrii sociale sunt, de obicei, explicate atât prin factori interni cât ºi externi. Dacã am ancora problema menþionatã în cadrul explicaþiei marxiste, se pot distinge douã extreme: marxismul tradiþional ºi abordarea sistemului mondial. Susþinãtorii marxismului tradiþional subliniazã factorii interni, în timp ce adepþii teoriei sistemului mondial accentueazã factorii externi. Autorul susþine cã regimul de iobãgie stabilit în Moldova pânã în anul 1600 nu corespunde modelului clasic. În acest caz se poate vorbi doar despre un alt tip de A Doua Iobãgie, care diferã de cea din Germania de Est, precum ºi de cea din Europa Centralã. Ar fi, de asemenea, o simplificare evidentã, sã pretindem cã fenomenul celea de-a Doua Iobãgii a fost cauzat doar de motive externe. Cauzele interne nu sunt mai mici, ci, probabil, chiar mai decisive, cel puþin, în unele cazuri. Aºa cum a arãtat recent lucrarea lui Darius Žiemelis, paradigma sistemului mondial faþã de anumite societãþi meritã o reconsiderare criticã.

  • 其他摘要:

    This paper desires to draw attention to some stereotypes that simplify perception of historical reality, but nevertheless still prevail in historiography. There is a very common statement about the so-called second edition of serfdom (based on manorial-serve economy) that spread all around the Eastern Europe region in the 16th century. This turn in social development is usually explained as determined by internal as well as external factors. If the problem considered is placed under Marxist views, one can distinguish two extreme poles: traditional Marxism and world-system approach. Supporters of traditional Marxism emphasize internal factors while adherents of world-system attitude accentuate external factors. The author argues that the regime of serfdom established in Moldova until 1600 is not consistent with the classic model. In this case, one can talk only about another type of second serfdom that differs from that of Eastern Germany as well as from Central Europe. It would be also a gross simplification to claim that second serfdom phenomenon was caused exclusively by external reasons. Internal causes are not less but probably even more decisive, at least in some cases. As the work of Darius Žiemelis has showed recently, statements of world-system approach toward certain societies are worth of critical reconsideration.

  • 其他关键词:second ;serfdom; manorial-serf ;system (Folwark); corvée (labour rent); international trade; ;Marxism.
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