期刊名称：The Open Environmental & Biological Monitoring Journal
电子版ISSN：1875-0400
出版年度：2012
卷号：5
期号：1
页码：14-21
DOI：10.2174/1875040001205010014
出版社：Bentham Science Publishers Ltd
摘要：
Golf courses are an increasingly prominent feature across the urban landscape. Most courses contain streams
that pass through the course grounds and have the potential to chemically, biologically, and physically alter these streams
and their aquatic ecosystems. This study assessed the impact of five golf courses in Greenville, South Carolina on stream
water temperature. Courses were selected that had continuous, tributary and lake free reaches that passed through the golf
course grounds. At each course, stream water temperature was measured at 5 minute intervals from July - October 2008
just upstream and downstream of the course. Under baseflow conditions during the period of record, the sites downstream
of the courses exhibited (1) elevated stream water temperatures (on the order of 3 - 4 °C during the afternoon hours) and
(2) increased diurnal temperature ranges (1 - 4 °C larger) compared to their upstream counterparts. The observed
temperature differences between the upstream and downstream sites at each course were primarily due to the lack of
riparian cover along the golf course reaches. The magnitude of the temperature differences among the courses was largely
a function of stream discharge. Although the impacts of these temperature modifications on the ecology, biology, and
chemistry of the stream system were not assessed, the changes are large enough to be of ecological concern. New golf
course guidelines that recommend or require the retention of sizable vegetated buffers along stream banks that shade the
streams may be necessary to help protect the health of these aquatic ecosystems.
