This article by Andrew Storey of the Economic and Social Research Institute compares the \'competition argument\' that export crops crowd out food crop production with the \'complementarity\' claim that there is a place for both kinds of production in the food policy of thirty-three sub-Saharan African countries. Empirical results indicate that export and food crop production can be complementary and can help to raise consumption levels provided adequate foreign exchange and agricultural services are directed towards food production.