摘要：There are many types of business linkages and many different programmes to promote linkages between large and small companies. This paper focuses on two types of linkages, namely forward and backward linkages. Backward linkages refer to an arrangement where transnational corporations (TNCs) source parts, components, materials and services from small and medium sized enterprise (SME) suppliers in the host economy while forward linkages occur when a TNC provides inputs to another firm or industry. This paper discusses the conditions necessary to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs and how business linkages between TNCs and SMEs can contribute to the competitiveness of both enterprises as well as to the growth and development of the host countries. Three case studies of successful linkage programmes in Africa and Asia are discussed. It also describes important elements in public-private sector partnerships.
