During the last two years, the situation of the Romanian immigrants in Italy has deteriorated badly, due to the extensive coverage in mass media of a wave of crimes against persons (attacks, murders, rapes etc) committed by some Romanian immigrants, most of them Roma ethnics. This situation has created and fuelled an internal crisis in Italy, as well as a diplomatic crisis with Romania. In order to evaluate how the diplomatic crisis between Romania and Italy can be solved in an amicable and efficient manner, we will examine the countries’ perspectives, to include how each country frames the issues in the negotiation, the parties’ positions and interests, as well as each party’s best alternative to a negotiated agreement. The purpose of this paper is not to offer possible options for the parties, but to lay a strong foundation for understanding the nature of this negotiation.