摘要：The increase of personal services on the web and the co-operation between organisations have made it necessary to find ways to identify network users regardless of which organisation they are representing. New middleware technologies for user authentication and authorisation are being developed and deployed. This paper outlines the problem of cross-organisational user administration and presents related new technologies and activities in the academic world. Although the paper uses higher education as an example, the results can be generalised to cover cross-organisational services in other kinds of institutions as well.
