摘要：The prerequisites for achieving perpetual peace are the settlement of the entire Earth, the establishment of republican government (the most stable type of government) and the exchange of goods as a way of bringing peoples together, peoples among whom racial and religious differences have often sparked animosities. Kant attributes these prerequisites to "the great artist Nature", since they occur as a part of egoistic material interests of men - at the level of men as natural beings, without influencin their intelectual will. Starting with Kant's proviso that morality does not suffice for achieving the prerequisites for perpetual peace, the author deals with the opposition between man's material interests and the purpose of of reason in Kant's ethics. She goes on to show that Kant understands practical mind as one's disposition for a complete realization of one's humanness. The polarity between the purpose of the reason and man's natural strivings she identifies in the exclusion of sensory and emotional impulses from moral acts. The author analyzes this exclusion in combination with Kant's concept of freedom, defined as the causality springing from the freedom of rational will.
