期刊名称：Selcuk Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi
印刷版ISSN：1302-1796
出版年度：2012
期号：28
页码：19
出版社：Selcuk University
摘要：Araştırmanın amacı çalışanların mobbing algılarının kurum yöneticilerinin cinsiyetlerine göre değişip değişmediğini ve çalışanların sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin mobbing algısında anlamlı farklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığını belirlemektir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi kullanıldı. Araştırma 2011 Haziran ayında gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya 185 sağlık çalışanı katıldı. Anketten elde edilen verilerin geçerliliğini test etmek amacı ile Cronbach Alpha katsayısından yararlanıldı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler, bağımsız örneklerde t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Kruskal-Wallis H testi, Mann- Whitney U testi ve korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar %95’lik güven aralığında, p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirildi. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre genel olarak sağlık çalışanlarının mobbing algıları düşük bulunmuştur. Ancak mobbing algısı en fazla özel yaşama yönelik yıldırma, görevin yapılmasına yönelik yıldırma ve sözlü ve fiziksel yıldırma şeklinde görülmektedir. Kadın yöneticilerin görev yaptığı sağlık örgütlerinde mobbing algı düzeyi erkek yöneticilerin çalıştığı örgütlerden daha düşüktür. Mobbing algısını oluşturan alt boyutlar arasında yüksek düzeyde ilişki bulunmaktadır. Çalışanların eğitim durumu ve çalışma süreleri mobbing algısında farklılık oluşturmamaktadır. Ancak cinsiyet, yaş ve unvan ile mobbing algısı arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak örgütlerde mobbing algısının düşük seviyelerde kalması için yönetici ve çalışanlar eğitilmeli ve iletişim kanalları açık tutulmalıdır.
其他摘要：The concept of mobbing is used to define organizational psychological violence or bullying. The concept for the first time was used in the sense of applications of employees to each other, uncomfortable, restless, and harassment and ill-treatment, by psychologist Heinz Leymann (1995). The concept of mobbing is meaning that are any kind of behaviors such as ill-treatment, threats, violence, humiliation that have been implemented systematically by employees, superiors, subordinates or equal positions (Davenport et al., 2003:4, Einarsen, 2000; 386). There isn't clarity about mobbing for Turkish, and mobbing is defined using different concepts such as "emotional abuse", "psychological terror" psychological violence". Mobbing is expressed some concepts in literature that consist of harassment, emotional abuse, mistreatment and victimization. If the psychological violence was implemented systematically and often and the victim is exposed of abuse and discrimination for a long time, these behaviors would be considered as mobbing. In addition, aggressive behaviors should be deliberately, and should be orientated to distress physically or psychologically for the victim (Leymann, 1996; 168). According to this result, mobbing has two main features that consist of aggressive and repeated behaviors (Einarsen, 1999; 18). The purposes of this study are to investigate perception of mobbing in organizations that have managed by women and men according to the gender of managers, and to reveal whether or not differences according to socio-demographic characteristics of employees. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection in the study that consisted of two parts. The first part of questionnaire was scale of psychological violence that had 9 dimensions and developed by Fox and Stallworth (2005). The second part of the questionnaire consisted of socio-demographical characteristics of participants. The study was conducted in June 2011 in Sakarya. 300 questionnaires were distributed to health institutions not selecting a sample, but 185 health employees participated in the study. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to reliability of data that obtained from the survey. Coefficients of general internal consistency of the scale was used in this study was on the acceptable limits (0.957). Homogeneity test was applied to data that was obtained from the survey before application of other statistical tests. Independent Samples T Test and One-Way ANOVA were applied to data that were homogenous, and Kruskal-Wallis H Test and Mann-Whitney U Test were applied to data that were nonuniform. Also descriptive statistical methods and correlation analysis were used to analyze of data. Results were assessed in 95% confidence interval and p <0.05 significance level. According to findings were obtained from the study, general mobbing perceptions of health employees were found low. In general levels of exposure violence of health employees were found low in another study that was conducted in the health sector too (Yavuz, 2007: 104). However, the most of perception of mobbing was found bullying to private life, bullying to making of the task and verbal and verbal and physical bullying. The level of lowest perception of the mobbing was found in the dimension of the bullying to cultural identity humiliation. There wasn't found any statistically significant difference according to managers to be male or female in the dimensions of bullying to private life and bullying to making of the task. However, there was found statistically significant difference accordingto managers to be male or female in dimensions of bullying to humiliate the victim, verbal and physical bullying, exclusion, bullying to prevent communication, bullying to prevent the development of personal, bullying to cultural identity humiliation, and exclusion based on cultural identification. There were high level and statistically significant relationships among sub-dimensions of the scale of psychological violence. According to this result, managers should be more careful in relations with their subordinates. Because, if employees had exposed to bullying in any dimension, they were affected in the other dimensions such as have been exposed to bullying. The level of education and seniority of employees didn't cause differences on the perception of mobbing. However, there were statistically important differences between the perception of mobbing, and gender, age and profession of health employees. According to result of study, male employees perceived more mobbing than female employees in the dimensions of bullying to private life and bullying to making of the task. The same results were found in another study that was conducted on employees in private hospitals (Karcıoğlu ve Akbaş, 2010: 156). However, according to some studies, there isn't a statistically significant relationship between gender and mobbing; or gender hasn't caused statistically significant differences in exposure to mobbing (Günel, 2010: 60; Çivilidağ ve Sargın, 2011: 19; Acar ve Dündar, 2008: 119; Yavuz, 2007: 96); or female employees have been exposed to more mobbing than male employees (Bayrak Kök, 2006: 444). According to results of this study, there were statistically significant differences between age and the dimensions of bullying to humiliate the victim, verbal and physical bullying, bullying to cultural identity humiliation and exclusion based on cultural identification. In another study that was conducted on health care employees has been argued that hasn’t a significant relationship between age and exposure to mobbing (Karcıoğlu ve Akbaş, 2010: 156). Conversely, in some studies have been claimed that there is a significant relationship between age and frequency of exposure to mobbing (Acar ve Dündar, 2008: 119; Bayrak Kök, 2006: 445; Çarıkçı ve Yavuz, 2009: 60). There were statistically significant differences between profession of health employees and the dimensions of verbal and physical bullying, bullying to cultural identity humiliation and exclusion based on cultural identification. This conclusion has been also supported by other studies (Acar ve Dündar, 2008: 119; Yavuz, 2007: 104; Çarıkçı ve Yavuz, 2009: 60). As a result, Bullying at work can trigger negatively a range of physical and psychological outcomes in employees. Therefore, employees should be protected from bullying. For this purpose, the following recommendations can be made: Managers and employees should be trained to protect from mobbing, the communication channels should be kept open in the organization to remain the low perception of mobbing; and managers should be disclosed to the valuable of employees.
关键词：Mobbing; sağlık çalışanları; kadın yönetici; erkek yönetici
其他关键词：Mobbing; Health Employees; Female Manager; Male Manager
