The 2012 issue of the Vienna Yearbook of Population Research presents a series of studies with one shared focus: Examining the global fertility transition in the light of educational change. Special attention is given to changes in basic and more advanced school attainment and the implications for the timing and outcome of fertility. Several key channels through which education growth affects fertility are investigated, ranging from its effects on female financial autonomy to the effects on marriage markets characterised by high levels of educational homogamy. The studies address the whole range of fertility transitions from the early high fertility stages to low fertility in developed countries.