摘要：From the twelfth to the thirteenth century in Southern France several towns had an almost completely autonomous administration and own officials, just like the Italian Communes. At the same time economically active citizens established close ties with the Italian merchants. Which was the link between these phenomena? This essay tries to give an overview of the studies about the spread of the Commune in Southern France and to propose some perspectives in research.
关键词：Middle Ages; 12th-13th Century; France; Commons; International Relationships
