摘要：During the 12th and the first part of the 13th century there is no testimony of a clear textual tipology of council resolutions. After the second quarter of the 13th century notaries and lawyers began to outline a new pattern of written record, conceived as a council report: the libri consiliorum appeared in San Gimignano, Perugia, Prato, Bologna Siena. This particular form enhanced very much its complexity during the late 13th century. At the beginning of Trecento, large councils began to be replaced by small committees as the centre of political decision, and even written resolutions are affected by such a change. The paper analyzes the cases of cities ruled by a lord, small oligarchic communes and big cities with a great republican tradition such as Florence and Bononia.
关键词：Public councils; City-states; Public records; Political culture
