出版社：International Association for Computer Information Systems
摘要：Concerns about the potential ‘ringer’ phenomenon (where a student’s online work is done by someone else) are raised frequently about courses deployed wholly or partially online. This study of both fully online and hybrid classes leads to the conclusion that if ringers exists at all, the phenomenon is slight and more prevalent for hybrid classes. While the study is too small for broad generalization, courses with a significant grade component derived from in person, validated assessments did not appear to suffer (much) from ringers doing the distance, online work.
