期刊名称：Aktuelnosti iz Neurologije, Psihijatrije i Graničnih Područja
印刷版ISSN：0354-2726
出版年度：2007
卷号：XV
期号：1-2
页码：19-23
出版社：Clinical Center of Vojvodina
摘要：Transcranial sonography (TCS) is a relatively new procedure in the diagnostics and differvential diagnostics of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The main advantage, besides its nonvinvasiveness, low cost and safety, is that by using this procedure it is possible to visualize degenerative processes that are not accessible to conventional neuroimaging techniques such as CT and MRI. In this article the method of ultrasonographic examination is reviewed, as well as its typical findings in particular neurodevgenerative disorders. TCS hyperechogenicity of substantia nigra is valuable in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of presymptomatic and symptomatic Parkinson's disease. By evaluating the structures of the mesenvcephalon, third ventricle and lentiform nucleus it is possible to differentiate atypical parkinsonian syndromes in early stages with high specificity and sensitivity. TCS findings are also specific in differentiation of essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. Hyperechogenicity of substantia nigra is frequent in patients with neurolepvtic syndromes, a finding which is considered characteristic for premorbid susceptibility to development of a neuroleptic syndrome. Unlike other neurodegenerative disorders, in primary and secondary restless legssyndrome characteristic TCS finding is hypoechogenicity of mesencephalic structures. Using available ultravsound systems it is possible to take full advantage of TCS in routine neurological practice. Further technologivcal advances will broaden the scope of its diagnostic applications and overcome the drawbacks of this method.
